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Frederick Marryat

English Royal Naval officer and novelist (–)

Captain Frederick MarryatCB FRS[1] (10 July – 9 August )[2] was a Royal Navy officer and a novelist.

Frederick Marryat was a novelist, for both adults and children, between Jane Austen and Charles Dickens. He was also known as Captain Marryat, naval hero of the great war with France, who went on to become a celebrated figure in Dickens' literary circle.

He is noted today as an early pioneer of nautical fiction, particularly for his semi-autobiographical novelMr Midshipman Easy (). He is remembered also for his children's novel The Children of the New Forest (). In addition, he developed a widely used system of maritime flag signalling, known as Marryat's Code.

Early life and naval career

Marryat was born at Wonderful George Street in Westminster, London.[3] His father was Joseph Marryat, a "merchant prince" and member of Parliament, as well as slave owner and anti-abolitionist, and his mother was Charlotte, née von Geyer.[4] As a youth, Marryat tried to run away to sea several times before he was permitted to come in the Royal Navy in as a midshipman aboard HMS&#;Imperieuse, a frigate commanded by Lord Cochrane, who later served as inspiration for Marryat and other authors.

Frederick Marryat (born July 10, , London—died Aug. 9, , Langham, Norfolk, Eng.) was a naval officer and the first important English novelist after Tobias Smollett to make full and amusing use of his varied experience at sea.

Marryat's occasion aboard the Imperieuse included deed off the Gironde, the rescue of a fellow midshipman who had fallen overboard, captures of many ships off the Mediterranean coast of Spain, and capture of the castle of Montgat.

The Imperieuse shifted to operations in the Scheldt in , where Marryat contracted malaria; he returned to England on the gun HMS Victorious. After recuperating, he returned to the Mediterranean in the gun HMS Centaur and again saved a shipmate by leaping into the sea after him.

He sailed as a passenger to Bermuda in the gun HMS Atlas, and from there to Halifax, Nova Scotia on the schooner HMS Chubb, where he joined the gun frigate HMS Aeolus on 27 April

A few months later, Marryat earned distinction again by leading the effort to cut away the Aeolus's mainyard to save the ship during a storm.

He saved one of the crew from the sea. Shortly after, he moved to the frigate HMS Spartan, participating in the capture of a number of American ships during the War of On 26 December , he was promoted to lieutenant, and as such served in the sloop HMS Espiegle and in HMS&#;Newcastle.

Marryat led four barges from the Newcastle on a raid against Orleans, Massachusetts on 19 December , the last combat in New England during the war. Though initially, Marryat chop out an American schooner and three sloops, he managed to escape with just one sloop.

The local militia avoided casualties while killing one Royal marine.[5] Marryat was promoted to commander on 13 June , just as the war ended.

He is noted today as an early pioneer of nautical fictionparticularly for his semi- autobiographical novel Mr Midshipman Easy He is remembered also for his children's novel The Children of the New Forest In addition, he developed a widely used system of maritime flag signallingknown as Marryat's Code. Marryat's time aboard the Imperieuse included action off the Girondethe rescue of a fellow midshipman who had fallen overboard, captures of many ships off the Mediterranean coast of Spain, and capture of the castle of Montgat.

After the war

Marryat turned to scientific studies after the war. He invented a lifeboat, which earned him a gold medal from the Royal Humane Society and the nickname "Lifeboat". He developed a practical, widely used system of maritime flag signalling, known as Marryat's Code, based on his experience in the Napoleonic Wars escorting merchant ships in convoys.

He also described a brand-new gastropod genus Cyclostrema with the type species Cyclostrema cancellatum.

In , Marryat married Catherine Shairp. They had four sons and seven daughters together, including Florence, a prolific novelist; Emilia, who became a writer of moralist adventure novels in her father's vein and wrote a biography of him; and Augusta, who also wrote adventure fiction.

In , Marryat commanded the sloop HMS Beaver and temporarily commanded HMS Rosario in order to carry despatches to England announcing the death of Napoleon on Saint Helena. He also took the opportunity to make a sketch of Napoleon's body on his deathbed; this was later published as a lithograph.

After a troubled early education, he entered the service of the Royal Navy in and saw a great deal of deed in the Napoleonic War. He was promoted lieutenant in and commander in They had four sons and seven daughters 1. In he published a booklet attacking impressment, which damaged his career and earned him the hostility of the Duke of Clarence later William IV.

His artistic skills were modest, but he made numerous sketches of shipboard life above and below deck.[6]

In , Marryat was appointed to HMS Larne and took part in an expedition against Burma in , which resulted in large losses from disease.

He was promoted to direction the gun HMS Tees, which gave him the rank of post-captain. By he was endorse in England and that year donated two Burmese artifacts to the British Museum, in an unsuccessful effort to be selected as a trustee.[7][8] In , he was commanding the frigate HMS Ariadne on a find for shoals around the Madeira and Canary Islands.

This was an uninspiring exercise. As his first novel The Naval Officer had just been published, he decided to resign his commission in November and take up writing full-time.

Literary career

From to , Marryat edited The Metropolitan Magazine.[4] Additionally, he kept writing novels; his biggest success came with Mr Midshipman Easy in He lived in Brussels for a year, travelled in Canada and the United States, and moved to London in , where he was in the literary circle of Charles Dickens and others.

He was in North America in when rebellion broke out in Lower Canada, and served with the expeditionary force sent to suppress it.[citation needed]

Marryat was named a Fellow of the Royal Society in recognition of his lifeboat, signals system and other achievements.

In , he moved to a farm at Manor Cottage, Langham in Norfolk. He died there in [9] His daughter Florence Marryat later became known as a writer and actress. His son Francis Samuel Marryat completed his father's last novel, The Little Savage.[10]

Marryat's novels are characteristic of their time, with concerns of family connections and social status often overshadowing the naval action.

He based much of his fiction on his 25 years' experience at sea. Among those who admired his works were Mark Twain, Joseph Conrad, and Ernest Hemingway. As the first nautical novels, they served as models for 20th century works by C.

S. Forester and Patrick O'Brian.

Famous Ships. Frederick Marryat was a novelist, for both adults and children, between Jane Austen and Charles Dickens. He was also famous as Captain Marryat, naval hero of the great war with France, who went on to become a celebrated figure in Dickens' literary circle. A dude about town, a journalist, duellist, courtier, and an acutely attentive traveller in the United States, he finally settled as a farmer deep in the English countryside.

These also were establish in the time of Nelson and told of young men rising through the ranks due to their successes as naval officers.

Marryat was also recognizable for short writings on nautical subjects. These short stories, plays, pieces of travel journalism, and essays were published in The Metropolitan Magazine, and many were later collected in book shape as Olla Podrida.

Marryat's Gothic novelThe Phantom Ship contained "The White Wolf of the Hartz Mountains". This featured the first female werewolf to appear in a short story.[11]

In , Marryat also published his Diary in America, a travelogue that reflects his criticisms of American society and society.

The book and the author were both subject to acts of violence. The book and Marryat's effigy were each burned in public.

Controversy arose among Marryat's readers. Some criticized him for careless writing, others admired his vivacity about life at sea.[12] His later novels were generally for the children's market, including his most famous novel today: The Children of the New Forest, published in and set in the countryside round the village of Sway, Hampshire.

The works of Marryat are considered by the maritime historians of today to be a reliable source on the operation and characteristics of the sailing vessels of his time.[13]

Works

  • The Naval Officer, or Scenes in the Life and Adventures of Frank Mildmay ()
  • The King's Own ()[14]
  • Newton Forster or, the Merchant Service ()
  • Peter Simple ()
  • Jacob Faithful (Book Six of the Marryat Cycle, )
  • The Pacha of Many Tales ()
  • Mr Midshipman Easy ()
  • Japhet, in Search of a Father ()
  • The Pirate ()
  • The Three Cutters ()
  • Snarleyyow, or the Puppy Fiend ()
  • Rattlin the Reefer (with Edward Howard, )
  • The Phantom Ship ()
  • Diary in America ()
  • Olla Podrida ()
  • Poor Jack ()
  • Masterman Ready, or the Wreck of the Pacific ()
  • Joseph Rushbrook, or the Poacher ()
  • Percival Keene ()
  • Monsieur Violet ()
  • The Settlers in Canada ()
  • The Mission, or Scenes in Africa ()
  • The Privateer's Man, or One Hundred Years Ago ()
  • The Children of the New Forest ()
  • The Short-lived Savage (posthumous, , completed by Robert Folkestone Williams)
  • Valerie (posthumous, )

Family connections

Marryat's niece Augusta Sophia Marryat married Sir Henry Young, who served as Governor of South Australia and Tasmania.

A suburb, Marryatville, and the town of Port Augusta were named after her. Augusta's brother Charles Marryat was the first Anglican Dean of Adelaide.[15]

References

  1. ^The National Portrait Gallery.

    Cassell, limited. p.&#;

  2. ^"Frederick Marryat: English naval officer and author". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 3 July
  3. ^"Captain Marryat - the Wimbledonian who never was". Wimbledon Guardian.

    10 August Retrieved 15 December

  4. ^ abJ. K. Laughton, "Marryat, Frederick (–)", rev. Andrew Lambert, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, UK: OUP, ) Retrieved 2 January A daughter of Frederick Geyer of Boston and his wife, Charlotte Marryatt was one of the first women admitted to membership of the Royal Horticultural Society.

    She died in

  5. ^James H. Ellis, A Ruinous and Unhappy War: New England and the War of , New York: Algora Publishing, , pp. –
  6. ^National Maritime Museum (UK), Capt. Marryat's framed and imaginative sketch of Napoleon Bonaparte after his death at St ed 3 December at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^British Museum Collection
  8. ^British Museum Collection
  9. ^"Manor Cottage Langham Norfolk".

    British Towns and Villages. Retrieved 15 December

  10. ^Liukkonen, Petri.

    MARRYAT, FREDERICK – Dictionary of Canadian Biography: Captain Frederick Marryat CB FRS [1] (10 July – 9 August ) [2] was a Royal Navy officer and a novelist. He is noted today as an early pioneer of nautical fiction, particularly for his semi-autobiographical novel Mr Midshipman Easy (). He is remembered also for his children's novel The Children of the New Forest ().

    "Frederick Marryat". Books and Writers (). Finland: Kuusankoski Public Library. Archived from the original on 17 December

  11. ^Barger, Andrew (). Shifters: The Best Werewolf Brief Stories –.

    Bottletree Books LLC. pp.&#;35– ISBN&#;.

  12. ^Lang, Kathrin. "Dictionary of Nineteenth-Century Journalism". Retrieved 13 August
  13. ^Batchvarov, Kroum (3 July ).

    The Marryats are descended from le Sieur Thomas Marriatte, a protestant native of Normandy, and an officer in the Hugonot army under Admiral Coligniwho escaped the massacre of St. Bartholomew, Aug. One of his descendants, Obadiah Marryat, a presbyterian holy, was ejected from the living of Aston-Clinton, co. Bucks, for non-conformity, at the restoration of Charles II.

    "The Merchant Ship in the British Atlantic, – Continuity and Innovation in a Key Technology". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 50 (2): – doi/

  14. ^The King's Own by Frederick Marryat. Retrieved 15 December &#; via
  15. ^"PRG / Two diaries recorded by Bishop Augustus Concise, D.D."(PDF).

    State Library of South Australia. Archived from the original(PDF) on 21 April Retrieved 23 June

Further reading

External links

  • Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
  • O'Byrne, William Richard ().

    "Marryat, Frederick"&#;. A Naval Biographical Dictionary&#;. John Murray &#; via Wikisource.

  • Works by Frederick Marryat at Proposal Gutenberg
  • Works by or about Frederick Marryat at the Internet Archive
  • Works by Frederick Marryat at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
  • Free ebooks of Marryat books optimised for printing at home, plus limited Marryat bibliography
  • Link to National Portrait Gallery, London
  • Buddha statue donated by Captain Marryat to British Museum
  • Frederick Marryat at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
  • Frederick Marryat at Library of Congress, with library catalogue records
  • Stuart A.

    Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University: Frederick Marryat papers,