Chu shih chieh biography of barack

This book also showed how to measure two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional solids. The Introduction strongly influenced the development of mathematics in Japan. The book was once lost in China, until the Qing dynasty mathematician Luo Shilin bought a Korean printed edition and republished it in Yangzhou. Zhu's second book, Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns is his most important work, advancing Chinese algebra.

Zhu Shijie

Chinese mathematician during the Yuan dynasty

For the artist, see Zhu Shijie (painter).

In this Chinese call, the family name is Zhu.

Zhu Shijie (simplified Chinese: 朱世杰; traditional Chinese: 朱世傑; pinyin: Zhū Shìjié; Wade–Giles: Chu Shih-chieh, –), courtesy nameHanqing (漢卿), pseudonymSongting (松庭), was a Chinese mathematician and penner during the Yuan Dynasty.[1] Zhu was born close to today's Beijing.

Two of his mathematical works have survived: Introduction to Computational Studies (算學啓蒙Suan hsüeh Ch'i-mong) and Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns.

Suanxue qimeng

The Suanxue qimeng (算學啓蒙), written in , is an elementary textbook on mathematics in three volumes, 20 chapters and problems.

This guide also showed how to measure two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional solids. The Introduction strongly influenced the development of mathematics in Japan.

Zhu was born close to today's Beijing. Two of his mathematical works have survived. Zhu included four illustrative problems to explain operations in arithmetic and algebra, adding further problems as exercises. This book also showed how to measure different two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional solids.

The book was once lost in China, until the Qing dynasty mathematician Luo Shilin bought a Korean printed edition and republished it in Yangzhou.

Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns

Zhu's second book, Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns () is his most important work, advancing Chinese algebra.

The first four of the solved problems illustrate his method of the four unknowns. He shows how to alter a problem stated verbally into a system of polynomial equations (up to 14th order), by using up to four unknowns: 天 Heaven, 地 Earth, 人 Man, 物 Matter, and then how to reduce the system to a single polynomial equation in one unknown by successive elimination of unknowns.

He then solves the high order equation by "Ling long kai fang" method of Southern Song dynasty mathematician Qin Jiushao (from Shùshū Jiǔzhāng, “Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections” of ). This was more than years before English mathematician William Horner's method using synthetic division.

Zhu Shijie - Wikipedia: Zhu Shijie was the last and greatest of the Sung dynasty (–) mathematicians. The s marked the high signal of Chinese mathematics. (1) “With Chu Shih-Chieh the high-water notice of Chinese algebra is reached.” (2) Bio. Unfortunately, we comprehend little about him—not even when he was born or when he died.

Zhu makes exploit of what is currently recognizable as Pascal's triangle, which he refers to as discovered by Jia Xian before The ultimate equation and one of its solutions is given for each of the problems.

Zhu also found square and cube roots by solving quadratic and cubic equations, and added to the understanding of series and progressions, classifying them according to the coefficients of the Pascal triangle.

He also showed how to solve systems of linear equations by reducing the matrix of their coefficients to diagonal shape. He moreover applied these methods to algebraic equations, using a version of the resultant.[2] His methods pre-date Blaise Pascal, William Horner, and modern matrix methods by many centuries.

The preface of the book describes how Zhu traveled China for 20 years teaching mathematics.

The methods of Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns form the foundation for Wu's method of inherent set.

The preface says that for over twenty years he traveled extensively in China as a renowned mathematician; thereafter he also visited Kuang-ling, where pupils flocked to study under him. We can deduce from this that Chu Shih-chieh flourished as a mathematician and teacher of mathematics during the last two decades of the thirteenth century, a situation possible only after the reunification of China through the Mongol conquest of the Sung dynasty in However, it and the works of Yang Hui were adopted as textbooks in Korea during the fifteenth century. An edition now preserved in Tokyo is believed to have been printed in in Korea, during the reign of King Sejo.

References

  • Du, Shiran, "Zhu Shijie". Encyclopedia of China (Mathematics Edition), 1st ed.
  • GRATTAN-GUINNESS, I.: The Norton History of the Mathematical Sciences,
  • Guo Shuchun (tr.

    up-to-date Chinese), Chen Zaixin (English tr.), Guo Jinhai (annotation), Zhu Shijie: Jade mirror of the Four Unknowns, Chinese and English bilingual, vol I & 2, Liaoning education Press, China, ISBN&#;

  • HO Peng-Yoke: Article on Chu Shih-chieh in the Dictionary of Scientific Biography, New York, hi
  • Hoe, J.: The jade mirror of the four unknowns, Mingming Bookroom, New Zealand, ISBN&#;
  • Hoe, J.: Les systèmes d'équations polynômes dans le Siyuan Yujian (), Paris, Collège de France (Mémoires de l'Institut des Hautes Etudes Chinoises, Vol VI),
  • KONANTZ, E.L.:The Precious Mirror of the Four Elements, China journal of Science and Arts, Vol 2, No 4,
  • LAM Lay-yong: Chu shih-chieh's Suan hsüeh ch'i-meng, Archive for the history of sciences, Vol 21, Berlin,
  • MARTZLOFF, J-C.: A history of Chinese Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin,
  • MIKAMI Yoshio, Development of Mathematics in China and Japan, Chapter 14 Chu Shih-chieh p Leipzig.

    Library of Congress catalog card number

  • Mumford, David, "What’s so Baffling About Negative Numbers? — a Cross-Cultural Comparison", in C. S. Seshadri (Ed.), Studies in the History of Indian Mathematics,

External links